Common drug classifications
The following is offered as relevant and important information for the awareness of all staff. The most common definition of a drug is: “any substance which changes the way the body or mind functions'”
This includes prescription drugs, painkillers, widely used drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, and illegal drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines and heroin. Minors cannot legally purchase alcohol and tobacco. There are three main types of drugs – depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens.
Depressants
Depressant drugs don’t necessarily make a person feel depressed. They slow down the central nervous system, including the sending of messages to and from the brain. In small doses, depressants can cause a person to be more relaxed and less inhibited. In larger doses they may cause unconsciousness, vomiting and death. Depressants affect concentration and co-ordination. They slow down the ability to respond to unexpected situations.
Depressant drugs include alcohol, tranquillisers (eg Valium, Rohypnol), barbiturates, heroin, morphine, opium, methadone and most inhalants (eg. aerosols, solvents, glue, petrol, cleaning fluid, and laughing gas.)
Stimulants
Stimulants act on the central nervous system to speed up the messages going to and from the brain. Stimulants increase the heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature. They release more sugar into the bloodstream. They increase alertness and self-confidence and may reduce feelings of tiredness and hunger. In large doses, they may cause anxiety and panic.
Stimulants include amphetamines (speed) and cocaine. Nicotine and caffeine are also mild stimulants.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens affect perception. People who have taken them may see or hear things that are not really there or what they see may be distorted in some way. The effects of hallucinogens vary greatly. It is impossible to predict how they will affect a particular person at a particular time.
Hallucinogens include magic mushroom, LSD, mescaline (PCP) and marijuana. Hallucinogens may have a depressant or a stimulant effect as well as an hallucinogenic effect. For example, marijuana is a depressant as well as an hallucinogen.